Conventional wisdom has held that while China’s AI buildout is constrained by lack of access to advanced chips, the US will be slowed by the scarcity and cost of electricity. Solving the power constraint is indeed a problem: AI data centers are suddenly adding a lot of new electricity
demand on a system that has not grown in two decades. But aside from building new power plants and transmission lines—a long slog—there is a lot the US can do to squeeze more juice out of the current infrastructure.
Europe fears that subsidized and efficient Chinese high-tech companies will de-industrialize the continent. But the “second China shock” is arguably even more of a threat to northeast Asia, where China’s lead in batteries, electric vehicles and solar has Tokyo and Seoul incumbents worried that machine tools, robots and displays could be next. But Japan and South Korea should be able to hang on to large and profitable chunks of their industrial bases, thanks to both technological factors and geopolitics.