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Demand And Supply Of Money

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Demand And Supply Of Money

Louis-Vincent Gave
16 Jun 2026
From post-Iran war reconstruction in the Persian Gulf to the buildout of massive AI data centers, demand for capital is exploding while its supply grows ever scarcer. Unsurprisingly, the price of capital is rising. In this paper, Louis explores who stands to benefit from this new reality.
The Outlook After The Oil Shock

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The Outlook After The Oil Shock

Wei He, Dragonomics Team
16 Jun 2026
China’s economic growth continued to suffer from high oil prices in May, but did not worsen much further from April—in large part because artificial-intelligence-related exports are surging. Wei and the Dragonomics team argue that the US-Iran peace agreement means growth now appears almost certain to accelerate after Q2, though consumption is still a real concern.

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The War Has Ended And Capital Will Rotate Out Of US Assets

Anatole Kaletsky
16 Jun 2026
It is well known that the first casualty of war is truth. As such, investors could only assume that every market-moving statement from any of the main belligerents in the Iran-Israel-US war that started on February 28 was possibly a lie. In turn, this meant that every financial market in the world was possibly trading at “false prices,” making rational investment analysis very challenging. This situation has now completely changed.

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Takeaways From The Iran Peace Deal

Louis-Vincent Gave
15 Jun 2026
A number of “Iran peace deals” have been proclaimed over the past two months. However, this latest one does feel more genuine than its predecessors. Assuming that by next weekend, the Strait of Hormuz is once again open to maritime traffic, and that the Gulf states no longer have to worry about drone or missile strikes, what should be our takeaways?

Gavekal Dragonomics

Dueling Inflation Dynamics
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Andrew Batson
A Warning To Hong Kong’s Gray Market
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Xiaoxi Zhang, Wei He
The Regulatory Ceasefire Is Over
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Christopher Beddor, Tilly Zhang
The Euthanasia Of The Financier
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Christopher Beddor
Oil Reserves Are Missing In Action
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Thomas Gatley

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Geoeconomic Monitor: Changing With The Times
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Tom Holland, Tom Miller
Post-IPO Liquidity Stress Syndrome
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Will Denyer
Video: A Game Of Two Halves For USMCA
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Tom Miller
Switzerland’s 10 Million Question
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Cedric Gemehl
A False Price In Sweden
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Charles Gave

Gavekal Technologies

The China Shock Comes For Asia
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Tom Hancock
Assessing The MATCH Act
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Laila Khawaja, AJ Cortese
China’s Nuclear Spring
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Damien Ma, AJ Cortese
China Refines Outbound Investment Rules
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Laila Khawaja
China’s Export-Control Calculus
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Tom Hancock, Laila Khawaja

Gavekal-IS

A Baby Shower For Information As An Asset Class
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Didier Darcet
The Thermodynamics Of The Nasdaq
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Didier Darcet
The 21st Century Does Not Lack Ideas
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Didier Darcet
Hard And Soft Sciences On Growth
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Didier Darcet
Economic Regime Shift
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Didier Darcet

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The Energy Shock And The India Growth Story

Tom Miller, Udith Sikand
3 Jun 2026
As energy import costs soar, macro stress is mounting in India. A widening current-account deficit, weakening capital inflows and a falling rupee are putting pressure on the economy just as rising inflation limits policymakers' room to respond. Tom and Udith assess whether this cyclical shock could evolve into a more structural challenge for India's growth story.

Checking The Boxes

Our short take on the latest news

Fact
Surprise
Takeaway

US NY Fed Empire mfg index fell to 5.7 in Jun, versus 19.6 in May

Below expected 13.7

Downtick driven by slowing new orders; outlook ahead remains relatively upbeat

Eurozone industrial production rose 0.1% MoM in Apr, versus 0.4% in Mar

Below expected 0.4%; YoY, industrial production rose 0.3% in Apr, vs -2.7% in Mar

Industry stabilizing despite energy shock; ME peace deal improves outlook 

China retail sales in nominal terms fell -0.6% YoY in May, versus 0.2% in Apr

Below expected -0.2%

Lowest since 2022; indicative of continued squeeze in household incomes

China industrial production rose 4.5% YoY in May, versus 4.1% in Apr

Above expected 4.4%

External demand propping up industrial sector output for now

Test Your Knowledge
The United Arab Emirates suffered the brunt of drone and missile attacks among the Gulf Arab states during the Iran war. Which was second?
  1. Saudi Arabia
  2. Bahrain
  3. Kuwait
  4. Qatar
Post Your Answer

Chart of the Week

Week 23, 2026
China’s industrial profits rose to 24.7% YoY in April from 15.8% in March. That substantial gain masks highly uneven profitability: while upstream sectors, especially oil and gas, have benefitted from the oil price shock, total profit growth outside of the commodity complex slowed. Moreover, profits are declining in YoY terms for firms outside of the commodities and electronics industries. And after removing price effects, China’s real industrial activity does not appear to be improving.
Open Chart

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Essential Reading: A Book For Every Week Of The Year

Gavekal is often asked for a recommended reading list. So, here it is: a book a week that everyone interested in the world of macro investing—whether hoary veteran or eager apprentice—can benefit from reading.

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Webinar: The Wind In Latin America’s Sails

Louis-Vincent Gave, Alexandre Larrain
5 Jun 2026
Away from the uncertainties surrounding the Middle East, and the excitement surrounding all things artificial intelligence, Latin American debt and equity markets continue the bull market that started a couple of years ago. Obviously, rising commodity prices help. But the real driver remains falling bond yields and steady currencies, themselves the product of conservative fiscal and monetary policies and rightward shifts in recent electoral results. Louis and Alexandre discuss the political outlook and how that will shape opportunities for the region.

The Iran War And Fallout

The War Has Ended And Capital Will Rotate Out Of US Assets
It is well known that the first casualty of war is truth. As such, investors could only assume that every market-moving statement from any of the main belligerents in the Iran-Israel-US war that started on February 28 was possibly a lie. In turn, this meant that every financial market in the world was possibly trading at “false prices,” making rational investment analysis very challenging. This situation has now completely changed.
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Takeaways From The Iran Peace Deal
A number of “Iran peace deals” have been proclaimed over the past two months. However, this latest one does feel more genuine than its predecessors. Assuming that by next weekend, the Strait of Hormuz is once again open to maritime traffic, and that the Gulf states no longer have to worry about drone or missile strikes, what should be our takeaways?
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Video: Oil After Hormuz
Predictions that the depletion of petroleum stocks around the world could push oil prices to US$150/bbl before the end of June if shipping does not resume through the Strait of Hormuz are exaggerated. However, even if there is a preliminary peace deal in the Gulf that allows oil exports to flow once again, countries will look to rebuild stocks and accumulate even bigger precautionary reserves. Even with plentiful supply, this will place a solid bid under oil prices over the medium term.
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Oil Reserves Are Missing In Action
China’s stockpiling of oil looked prescient at the outbreak of the Iran war. But Thomas argues that the government does not appear to have dug into those reserves, even amid a sharp falloff in oil imports. The damage will end up being a short-term blip if the Strait of Hormuz reopens soon—but if the closure drags on, policymakers could get more aggressive in using reserves to cushion the dropoff in economic activity.
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US economy & markets

Post-IPO Liquidity Stress Syndrome
SpaceX just raised a record US$75bn in its initial public offering on Thursday and may raise another US$11bn through the exercise of the greenshoe option. As investors make room in their portfolios for a deal that could ultimately total US$86bn, this is temporarily weighing on demand for other equities. Although the market should be able to digest an IPO of this size with little more than a temporary period of volatility, Will argues that some medium-term risks to US equities remain.
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How Far Can Wealth Effects Go?
The state of the US job market and household wealth effects are the main drivers of US consumption. Since January 2024, the latter has done the heavy lifting, powered by the US equity rally. That said, there are three near-term risks to this trend, argues Kai Xian.
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The Macro Outlook For US Earnings
It has been a stellar reporting season for US companies. Given that strong earnings growth has been the principal driver of stock market gains so far in 2026, it is natural to ask whether US corporate profit growth will prove sustainable. At a macro level, the answer depends on two main questions. Will the enthusiasm for artificial intelligence persist? And will the US government budget deficit continue to grow?
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Mega-IPOs And Reputation Risk
Unless you have been living on Mars, you know that SpaceX, Anthropic and OpenAI are expected shortly to price the largest initial public offerings in history. In addition, Alphabet just announced a massive secondary share issue. Can the market digest all this new stock? And even if it can, what are the risks these mega-IPOs, together with concurrent changes to index inclusion rules, could blow a hole in some of the best brands in finance: the US equity market in general and the Nasdaq in particular?
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China chartbook

Gavekal Dragonomics

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Macro Update: Grappling With External Uncertainties

Wei He, Dragonomics Team
7 May 2026
China’s economic growth was solid in the first quarter, and policymakers announced plans to dial back fiscal stimulus. But domestic demand remains sluggish, and both the Iran war and global AI spending boom have created new uncertainties around the economic trajectory. In their latest quarterly chartbook, Wei and the Dragonomics team take stock of China’s economic performance and the outlook for the coming months.

India chartbook

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India Macro Update: Downside Risks Abound

Udith Sikand, Tom Miller
23 Sep 2025
India’s domestic economic recovery is at risk as Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government faces a lose-lose choice: continue to import cheap oil from its long-time ally Russia or face punitive tariffs in its biggest export market. Last week’s US interest rate cut will give the central bank more room to cut rates, but the underperformance of Indian asset prices looks set to continue.

Latest video

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Video: A Game Of Two Halves For USMCA

Tom Miller
11 Jun 2026
As the US, Mexico and Canada jointly host the world’s biggest sporting event, the football world cup, the governments of the three countries will sit down to review the trilateral USMCA trade agreement that came into force in 2020. In this video interview, Tom Miller looks at the goals each team is aiming for in the review, assesses the likely outcomes of the review process and gauges their potential macro effects—good and bad—for the three economies.

Strategy Chartbook

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Quarterly Strategy Review: 1Q26

Louis-Vincent Gave
7 Apr 2026
For investors, the first quarter of 2026 was dominated by the US and Israeli attack on Iran and the resulting spike in global energy prices. But there were plenty of other developments that also affected portfolio construction, including the shakeout in US private credit,the assertion of the US “Donroe doctrine,” the Japanese election victory of Sanae Takaichi, and the appreciation of the renminbi. In this quarterly review, Louis looks at how these and other events affected market performance, and examines the factors shaping asset allocation decisions over the rest of 2026.

Emerging markets

Video: Are EMs Back?
It’s been a good quarter for the broad emerging markets complex. The MSCI EM index has returned almost 7% in US dollar terms, while US equities are down by some -3.5%. So should investors jump on the EM train? Udith points out that there is a wide divergence in the performance of individual emerging markets, and the threat of tariffs hangs heavy over EM corporate earnings. Investors need to be selective.
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Video: Southeast Asia Under Trump 2.0
Global investors are rightly focused on the potential losers from the United States pursuing an aggressively protectionist trade policy agenda, but there may be winners as well. Tom went in search of such economies last week. Today he explains how such “swing states” are likely to perform in an intensified period of great power rivalry between the US and China.
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China Turbocharges EM Investment
As the rich world pulls up the protectionist drawbridge, investors risk missing a bigger story in emerging markets. Here, Chinese outbound investment is rebounding after the fallow Covid years, and is driving a new wave of industrialization that promises to lower the cost of the green-energy transition.
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Why This Time Has Been Different
During past episodes of risk-off volatility, the correlation between emerging market risk assets has shot up. But early August’s bout of market volatility saw a bifurcation in EMs, and no broader macroeconomic spillover effects—which speaks well of the growing maturity of emerging markets as an asset class.
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Europe's economy

The War Has Ended And Capital Will Rotate Out Of US Assets
It is well known that the first casualty of war is truth. As such, investors could only assume that every market-moving statement from any of the main belligerents in the Iran-Israel-US war that started on February 28 was possibly a lie. In turn, this meant that every financial market in the world was possibly trading at “false prices,” making rational investment analysis very challenging. This situation has now completely changed.
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Switzerland’s 10 Million Question
From time to time, Switzerland’s political system produces votes on policy proposals that send shivers down the spines of its business and financial community. Another such episode will conclude this Sunday June 14 when Swiss voters go to the polls to adopt or reject a proposal to cap the country’s population at 10mn people. Cedric argues that if implemented, the cap could seriously threaten its macroeconomic success and harm its relationship with the EU.
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An Insurance Rate Hike In Frankfurt
The European Central Bank will kick off a round of major developed market central bank meetings when it convenes on Thursday, ahead of the Bank of Japan, Federal Reserve and Bank of England, all of which meet next week. Investors will be looking for guidance on how policymakers intend to respond to a negative supply shock in energy markets which is pushing inflation up and economic growth down.
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A Tale Of Two Krone(a)s
The Norwegian krone has been Europe’s best-performing currency this year, but the real story is not just oil. While higher crude prices have helped, the more important driver has been Norway’s inflation and interest rate dynamics. These underlying forces are best illustrated by comparing Norway’s economic performance with that of neighboring Sweden, says August. Such an analysis points to a currency trend that may have run its course.
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Equities

South Korea Still Has Upside
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Beyond The Sorry Case Of European Equities
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May You Live In Interesting Times
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The Chinese Equity Bull Market Quandary
Starmer’s Ruin Is Bullish For UK Assets
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Valuing Value
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Fixed income

May You Live In Interesting Times
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Warsh, Inflation And US Bonds
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Stable Financial Systems Versus Unstable Financial Systems
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Monetizing US Budget Deficits
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The Eurozone Duration Question
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What Value In US Bonds?
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From the archives: oldies but goodies

Deficit Deniers Of The World Unite
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Deficit Deniers Of The World Unite

Anatole Kaletsky
In our politically correct age the pressure to bow down before certain popularly accepted and apparently proven “truths” can be overwhelming. In the aftermath of the US elections, two such nostrums are unnecessarily vexing investors—the urgency of deficit reduction and fear of higher taxes. I believe that both of these obsessions will soon be forgotten.
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Are We Entering into Revolutionary Times?
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Are We Entering into Revolutionary Times?

Louis-Vincent Gave
The role of a society’s elite is to rise to the challenges of the times, and find solutions fitting to those times, even if this involves a radical break with the past. But the modus operandi for most leaders is to try and maintain the status quo. But if the problems are large enough, this does not work, and the same challenges reappear until either a solution is found, the elite is replaced by a new elite, or the country, system or civilization disappears.
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The High Cost Of Free Money
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The High Cost Of Free Money

Charles Gave
Perhaps the most famous economic law is the one that there is no such thing as a free lunch. By keeping US short rates at abnormally low levels beyond the financial crisis and as growth bounces back beyond the dreams of the wildest optimists, the Fed increasingly seems to be trying to ‘feed the US economy for nothing’. This is worrying, for extended periods of cheap money typically come back with a hefty price tag.
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