Since 2019, Washington has implemented a series of technology export controls on China with the broad objectives of slowing its ability to develop advanced AI and build an indigenous semiconductor ecosystem. The idea is to to protect US national security given AI’s dual-use nature, and to preserve US technological leadership. These measures take the form of country-wide and entity-specific restrictions. They cover exports of advanced chips, semiconductor manufacturing equipment and materials, and US-person support services, with extraterritorial reach for some items.