Asia’s extraordinary rise over the past 25 years has transformed the distribution of global wealth and gold reserves, but currencies have yet to reflect that shift. Asian currencies, says Didier, remain structurally undervalued. When this long-delayed monetary adjustment finally occurs, a stronger Asia could deliver a substantial transfer of purchasing power from the West and mark a fundamental rebalancing of the global monetary order, he argues.
The cost of financial intermediation in the US has remained remarkably stable at around 2% a year for more than a century, despite huge productivity gains and sharply falling fund management fees. For Didier, the explanation may lie in Baumol’s cost disease, as rising coordination and compliance costs have absorbed much of the savings generated by technology. This matters particularly for long-term government bonds, whose real returns increasingly struggle to cover the cost of keeping the financial system running.