In the second part of his series on the macroeconomics of AI, Didier argues that the economic impact of artificial intelligence will depend not just on technological progress, but on how widely it diffuses through the economy. Countries do not need to develop the world’s best AI models to reap the productivity gains and can instead win the race by diffusing the technology across their economies. This sets up an emerging contest between the US model of proprietary AI leadership and China’s push to spread cheap, open-source technology around the world.
The economic promise of artificial intelligence depends not only on expanding computing power, but on how effectively its gains spread into the wider economy. Didier frames growth as the interaction of energy, information and network effects, arguing that AI’s impact will ultimately be determined by the productivity it delivers beyond the data center. Even a modest transfer of AI-generated knowledge into the traditional economy could materially raise global productivity, although the adjustment in employment may prove disruptive.